2016 Optima Hybrid Battery Lifespan: How Long It Lasts and Replacement Insights

Your 2016 Kia Optima Hybrid battery usually lasts 3 to 5 years. This lifespan depends on several factors, including weather conditions, battery type, battery size, and your driving habits. Regular maintenance checks help maintain battery health and performance, even if the battery still has charge.

When it comes to replacement, it is important to check the battery’s warranty. The manufacturer usually provides an 8-year or 100,000-mile warranty, covering battery issues. If you notice reduced fuel efficiency or warning lights, it may indicate that the battery is failing. Early replacement can save on potential further repair costs and ensure optimum performance.

Replacement involves purchasing a certified replacement battery, which can be obtained from dealerships or reputable auto parts stores. Installation can be accomplished by trained professionals or experienced DIY enthusiasts.

For those looking to maximize battery lifespan, regular maintenance and software updates can help. Understanding the lifespan of the 2016 Optima Hybrid battery is crucial. Thus, the subsequent section will explore maintenance tips to enhance battery longevity and performance.

How Long Does the 2016 Optima Hybrid Battery Last?

The battery of the 2016 Optima Hybrid typically lasts between 8 to 10 years, depending on various factors. This lifespan is generally consistent with the average expected life of hybrid batteries in similar vehicles.

Hybrid batteries, like the one in the 2016 Optima, usually have a warranty of 8 years or 100,000 miles. This warranty period reflects the manufacturer’s confidence in the battery’s durability and performance. Many owners report that their batteries perform well even after reaching the warranty limit, often lasting beyond 100,000 miles.

Factors influencing battery longevity include climate, driving habits, and maintenance practices. For instance, extreme temperatures can negatively impact battery performance. In warmer climates, excessive heat can lead to accelerated battery degradation. Conversely, cold temperatures can reduce battery efficiency, though it typically does not cause permanent damage.

Real-world scenarios highlight these points. For example, an owner in a moderate climate with regular driving patterns may find their battery lasts closer to 10 years. In contrast, an owner who frequently drives short distances in a hot climate might experience a decline in battery performance earlier, around the 8-year mark.

Additional factors such as the frequency of maintenance, the quality of components, and driving conditions also play a role. Hybrids benefit from regular inspections and software updates, which can enhance battery life. However, neglecting these could lead to issues.

In summary, the 2016 Optima Hybrid battery generally lasts 8 to 10 years. Factors such as climate, driving habits, and maintenance can significantly influence its lifespan. For those considering a hybrid vehicle, understanding these elements is essential for maximizing battery longevity. Further exploration into routine care and monitoring practices can provide additional insights for increasing battery performance over time.

What Are Typical Lifespan Expectations for a 2016 Optima Hybrid Battery?

Typically, the lifespan expectations for a 2016 Optima Hybrid battery range from 8 to 10 years or approximately 100,000 to 150,000 miles.

  1. Factors affecting lifespan:
    – Driving conditions
    – Climate and temperature
    – Maintenance practices
    – Battery technology

  2. Consumer perspectives:
    – Hybrid vs. traditional battery lifespan
    – Warranty and coverage opinions
    – Replacement costs and availability
    – Environmental impact concerns

  3. Lifespan Factors:
    Lifespan factors significantly affect the longevity of the 2016 Optima Hybrid battery. Driving conditions, such as frequent stop-and-go traffic or long highway drives, can impact battery wear. For example, urban driving may result in shorter lifespan due to constant charging cycles. Similarly, climate and temperature play a critical role. Higher temperatures tend to degrade battery components faster, while extremely low temperatures can hinder performance.

Maintenance practices also influence battery life. Routine checks, ensuring connections are clean, and software updates can enhance efficiency. The Automotive Research Center highlights that proper maintenance can add up to two years to battery lifespan.

  1. Consumer Perspectives:
    Consumer perspectives vary regarding hybrid battery lifespan. Many buyers compare hybrid batteries to traditional vehicle batteries, noting that hybrid batteries often last longer. However, warranty coverage can shape opinions. The 2016 Optima Hybrid typically comes with an 8-year or 100,000-mile warranty, reassuring consumers about durability.

Replacement costs are another concern. Estimates for battery replacement can range from $2,000 to $4,000. Some argue that the long-term savings on fuel offset these upfront costs. Others express environmental concerns related to battery disposal. As reported by the U.S. Department of Energy, recycling programs can mitigate some of these worries, promoting sustainable practices.

What Factors Can Influence the Lifespan of the 2016 Optima Hybrid Battery?

The lifespan of the 2016 Optima Hybrid battery can be influenced by several key factors.

  1. Driving habits
  2. Climate conditions
  3. Battery maintenance
  4. Charging practices
  5. Vehicle usage patterns

Driving habits significantly impact battery lifespan. Climate conditions, such as extreme heat or cold, also play a substantial role. Battery maintenance, like regular checkups, can prolong life. Charging practices, including frequency and method of charging, affect depletion rates. Lastly, vehicle usage patterns, such as city versus highway driving, influence battery performance.

Understanding these factors can help you maximize the lifespan of your 2016 Optima Hybrid battery.

  1. Driving Habits:
    Driving habits significantly influence the lifespan of the 2016 Optima Hybrid battery. Frequent stop-and-go traffic places more strain on the battery than steady highway driving. A study by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL, 2020) found that hybrid vehicles operated under a moderate driving style—characterized by gradual acceleration and deceleration—can experience improved battery longevity compared to aggressive driving.

  2. Climate Conditions:
    Climate conditions considerably impact hybrid battery performance. Extreme temperatures, either hot or cold, can accelerate battery degradation. According to the Battery University, high temperatures can increase chemical reactions within the battery, leading to shortened overall life. On the other hand, very low temperatures can reduce battery capacity temporarily, making it less efficient.

  3. Battery Maintenance:
    Regular battery maintenance is crucial for the lifespan of the 2016 Optima Hybrid battery. Scheduled inspections and timely software updates can help detect potential issues early. The American Automobile Association (AAA) recommends routine checks for battery terminals and connections to ensure they remain clean and secure.

  4. Charging Practices:
    Charging practices affect how quickly a hybrid battery depletes over time. Frequent, shallow discharging is more beneficial than deep cycling, which can wear down battery cells. A study from the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI, 2021) emphasizes the importance of following manufacturer recommendations for charging cycles to maximize efficiency.

  5. Vehicle Usage Patterns:
    Vehicle usage patterns also play a role in battery lifespan. Vehicles used primarily for short trips may not allow the battery to fully recharge, impacting longevity. A case study by the Argonne National Laboratory highlights that hybrids driven longer distances maintain healthier battery conditions and demonstrate less wear over time compared to those frequently used for short trips.

How Many Miles Should You Expect from a 2016 Optima Hybrid Battery?

The expected lifespan of a 2016 Kia Optima Hybrid battery is typically around 100,000 to 150,000 miles under normal driving conditions. Some owners report battery performance lasting significantly longer, reaching up to 200,000 miles.

Several factors influence battery longevity. Driving habits, climate, and maintenance practices play crucial roles. For instance, aggressive driving can lead to increased wear on the battery, while extreme temperatures can impact its efficiency. In cooler climates, batteries may last longer because they face less thermal stress. Real-world scenarios show that an owner who regularly maintains their vehicle and follows driving best practices often experiences better battery performance.

Another important consideration is battery technology. The 2016 Optima Hybrid uses lithium-ion technology, which generally offers superior durability compared to older nickel-metal hydride batteries. The advancement in technology has contributed to the longer lifespan of hybrid batteries.

It is also essential to consider warranty coverage. The battery for the 2016 Optima Hybrid typically comes with an 8-year or 100,000-mile warranty, offering additional assurance about its expected lifespan.

In summary, the 2016 Kia Optima Hybrid battery should last between 100,000 and 150,000 miles, with some reaching up to 200,000 miles. Factors such as driving habits, environmental conditions, and battery technology impact longevity. For further exploration, consider looking into battery health monitoring systems and maintenance tips to maximize battery life.

What Signs Indicate That It’s Time to Replace Your 2016 Optima Hybrid Battery?

The signs indicating it’s time to replace your 2016 Optima Hybrid battery include reduced performance, warning lights, and age considerations.

  1. Decreased Fuel Efficiency
  2. Warning Indicator Lights
  3. Reduced Engine Power
  4. Age of the Battery
  5. Frequent Jump Starts

As these signs manifest, they illustrate the critical indicators for considering battery replacement.

  1. Decreased Fuel Efficiency:
    Decreased fuel efficiency occurs when the battery performance declines, leading to higher fuel consumption. A hybrid battery in good condition optimally supports the electric motor, enhancing overall vehicle performance. Consumers may notice that their gas mileage drops significantly, often exceeding 15-20%. A study by the U.S. Department of Energy (2021) confirms that hybrids usually report a noticeable reduction in efficiency when battery health declines.

  2. Warning Indicator Lights:
    Warning indicator lights on the dashboard signify various issues, including battery problems. The check engine light or the specific hybrid battery warning light indicates that the battery is underperforming. According to Kia’s owner’s manual, if these lights illuminate, drivers should seek professional diagnostics. Ignoring these warnings might lead to more severe issues or even complete battery failure.

  3. Reduced Engine Power:
    Reduced engine power showcases the battery’s inability to support the hybrid system efficiently. This condition often results in sluggish acceleration and limited ability to maintain higher speeds. Drivers may experience stuttering during operation. Auto experts frequently suggest taking immediate action in these scenarios to avoid further complications.

  4. Age of the Battery:
    Whereas traditional car batteries last typically three to five years, hybrid batteries—like those in the 2016 Optima Hybrid—can last significantly longer, usually around eight to ten years. However, as they approach the end of this lifespan, decreased performance and reliability become evident. According to a study by Consumer Reports (2022), battery performance tends to deteriorate noticeably after the seven-year mark.

  5. Frequent Jump Starts:
    Frequent jump starts indicate that the battery is not holding a charge effectively. This situation usually points to deep-seated issues within the hybrid battery. If jump starts become necessary every few months, it signals a significant loss of capacity. Automotive technicians recommend a comprehensive battery test if jump starts are required regularly.

In summary, recognizing these signs can help owners determine when it is time to consider replacing the battery of the 2016 Optima Hybrid, ensuring that the vehicle performs optimally.

How Can You Test the Health of a 2016 Optima Hybrid Battery?

You can test the health of a 2016 Optima Hybrid battery by performing a visual inspection, checking the battery’s voltage, and using a specialized diagnostic tool.

Visual inspection: Start by examining the battery for any physical signs of wear or damage. Look for corrosion on terminals, cracks in the casing, or any fluid leaks. These signs can indicate underlying issues that may affect battery performance.

Voltage check: Use a multimeter to measure the battery’s voltage. A fully charged hybrid battery should typically read around 200 to 300 volts, depending on the specific model and state of charge. If the voltage is significantly lower, it may indicate that the battery is not holding a charge properly.

Diagnostic tool: A specialized hybrid diagnostic tool can read the battery management system data. This tool checks for error codes, battery cell balance, and overall performance metrics. It provides a comprehensive health status of the hybrid battery. A study conducted by the Hybrid Vehicle Technology Institute (2021) emphasizes the importance of using these tools for accurate assessments.

Battery load test: This test assesses how well the battery can maintain an electrical load. A professional can perform this test, which applies a load to the battery and measures how well it responds. A healthy battery should be able to sustain a load without significant voltage drop.

Monitoring performance: Regularly track your vehicle’s performance, including fuel efficiency and the functioning of the hybrid system. A decrease in fuel economy or issues with the electric motor could indicate battery health problems.

By following these steps, you can effectively evaluate the health of the hybrid battery in your 2016 Optima, ensuring optimal performance and longevity.

What Symptoms Suggest That Your 2016 Optima Hybrid Battery Is Underperforming?

Symptoms that suggest your 2016 Optima Hybrid battery is underperforming include reduced fuel efficiency, diminished electric-only driving range, frequent battery warning lights, and unusual sounds from the battery compartment.

  1. Reduced fuel efficiency
  2. Diminished electric-only driving range
  3. Frequent battery warning lights
  4. Unusual sounds from the battery compartment

Understanding these symptoms is crucial to maintaining the performance of your hybrid vehicle. Each of these signs can indicate specific issues with the battery and overall hybrid system.

  1. Reduced Fuel Efficiency: Reduced fuel efficiency refers to a noticeable decline in the number of miles per gallon your vehicle achieves. This can happen when the battery does not hold charge effectively. A study by the American Automobile Association (AAA) in 2019 highlighted that hybrid vehicles with battery issues can lose up to 30% of their fuel efficiency. Regular performance checks can help identify battery-related issues early on.

  2. Diminished Electric-Only Driving Range: Diminished electric-only driving range occurs when the vehicle cannot run as efficiently on battery power alone. You may notice that the car frequently switches to gasoline for more power. According to a report by Consumer Reports in 2020, a healthy hybrid battery should enable a range of at least 20 to 30 miles on electric power before switching to fuel. If this range decreases significantly, it can signal battery degradation.

  3. Frequent Battery Warning Lights: Frequent battery warning lights indicate problems within the battery management system. Such lights can alert the driver about issues related to battery charge or temperature. The manufacturer recommends immediate diagnostics if these lights appear. Ignoring these warnings may lead to further battery damage and possibly higher repair costs, as noted in a report by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).

  4. Unusual Sounds from the Battery Compartment: Unusual sounds from the battery compartment, such as hissing or popping, can indicate overheating or internal short-circuiting in the battery. This symptom should not be taken lightly, as it can lead to more severe problems. It is advised to have the vehicle checked by a certified technician if any strange noises occur.

By identifying and addressing these symptoms early, owners can prolong the life of their 2016 Optima Hybrid battery and maintain optimal vehicle performance.

What Are Your Options for Replacing a 2016 Optima Hybrid Battery?

Replacing a 2016 Optima Hybrid battery involves several options, ranging from dealership services to aftermarket solutions.

  1. Dealership Replacement
  2. Aftermarket Replacement
  3. Remanufactured Battery
  4. DIY Replacement
  5. Battery Recycling Programs

Each option presents distinct advantages and challenges. Understanding these choices helps in making an informed decision based on your specific needs and budget.

  1. Dealership Replacement:
    Dealership replacement involves having the battery replaced at a certified Kia dealership. This option ensures that you receive OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) parts, which are designed specifically for your vehicle. The downside is that dealership service is often the most expensive option. Typically, labor and parts can exceed $4,000.

  2. Aftermarket Replacement:
    Aftermarket replacement utilizes third-party batteries. These batteries are usually less expensive than OEM batteries and might come with varying warranties. However, quality can vary. Research shows that some aftermarket brands have successfully provided reliable alternatives. Consumers should look for reputable brands with good reviews to minimize risk.

  3. Remanufactured Battery:
    A remanufactured battery is taken from a damaged or old vehicle and restored to working condition. This can provide a more affordable alternative while helping reduce waste. However, the longevity and performance may not match a brand-new battery. Data from the Department of Energy suggests that quality remanufactured batteries can deliver up to 80% of the capacity of new batteries at a lower price.

  4. DIY Replacement:
    DIY replacement involves purchasing a battery and installing it yourself. This option can significantly save on labor costs if you possess the necessary skills and tools. However, it requires a basic understanding of vehicle mechanics and proper handling of hybrid vehicle systems. Proper safety precautions and protection methods are essential during installation.

  5. Battery Recycling Programs:
    Battery recycling programs offer an option for disposing of your old battery responsibly. Many companies have programs that provide discounts on new batteries if you trade in your old one. This not only helps the environment but also can lower the cost of a replacement.

By evaluating these various options, you can choose the method that best aligns with your preferences and the specifics required for your 2016 Optima Hybrid.

How Do You Choose the Right Replacement Battery for Your 2016 Optima Hybrid?

To choose the right replacement battery for your 2016 Optima Hybrid, you should consider compatibility, battery type, and manufacturer recommendations.

Compatibility: The replacement battery must fit your vehicle’s specifications. The 2016 Optima Hybrid typically uses a hybrid battery that supports both the gasoline engine and the electric motor. It’s crucial to choose a battery designed for hybrid systems, as they have unique requirements compared to standard batteries. Check your owner’s manual for the exact specifications.

Battery Type: Hybrid vehicles like the Optima use either nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) or lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. The 2016 Optima Hybrid uses a NiMH battery. These batteries provide a good balance of weight, capacity, and lifespan for hybrid applications. Ensure the replacement battery matches the original battery type to maintain performance.

Manufacturer Recommendations: Refer to the manufacturer’s guidelines for recommended replacement batteries. Kia, the manufacturer of the Optima Hybrid, suggests using their certified parts to maintain warranty and performance standards. Using an OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) battery can ensure reliability and optimal compatibility.

Warranty and Longevity: Consider the warranty and expected lifespan of the replacement battery. Most hybrid batteries come with a warranty ranging from 8 to 10 years. A warranty provides peace of mind against manufacturing defects and early failure.

Installation and Maintenance: Professional installation is recommended for hybrid batteries due to their complex nature and safety precautions. Regular maintenance checks can help identify potential issues early, ensuring the longevity of the battery.

By focusing on compatibility, battery type, manufacturer recommendations, warranty, and installation, you can choose the right replacement battery for your 2016 Optima Hybrid confidently.

What Are the Costs Associated with Replacing a 2016 Optima Hybrid Battery?

The costs associated with replacing a 2016 Optima Hybrid battery typically range between $2,500 and $5,000. Factors such as labor, warranty, and battery type can influence the total expense.

  1. Battery Type
  2. Labor Costs
  3. Warranty Coverage
  4. Location of Service
  5. Aftermarket vs. OEM Batteries
  6. Potential for Core Charge Refund
  7. Battery Lifespan Post-Installation

The differences in these factors can significantly affect the total cost. Understanding each component provides insight into the financial implications of battery replacement.

  1. Battery Type: The battery type for a 2016 Optima Hybrid can impact costs. Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) batteries are typically more expensive than aftermarket options. The quality and longevity of each type can vary, with OEM batteries generally offering better performance and a longer warranty. According to a 2021 analysis by Consumer Reports, OEM batteries maintain performance levels over time whereas some aftermarket batteries may degrade sooner.

  2. Labor Costs: Labor costs for battery replacement can vary by service center. Dealerships usually charge higher labor rates compared to independent mechanics. A report from AAA in 2020 indicated that labor costs can range from $100 to $150 per hour and installation can take 2-4 hours.

  3. Warranty Coverage: If the vehicle is still under warranty or an extended warranty, some costs may be covered. The vehicle’s warranty usually covers the hybrid battery for at least 8 years or 100,000 miles. According to Hyundai, the manufacturer’s warranty for the hybrid battery in a 2016 Optima is 10 years or 100,000 miles, which may reduce costs for some owners.

  4. Location of Service: The geographical location of the service center affects pricing. Urban areas may show higher costs due to increased labor rates and demand. A 2022 survey by RepairPal highlighted that car repair prices in urban areas can be up to 20% higher than in rural locations.

  5. Aftermarket vs. OEM Batteries: Aftermarket batteries can be a cost-saving option but may come with trade-offs in quality. Some aftermarket batteries may offer shorter lifespans. Research from AutoTech in 2019 found that OEM batteries typically outperform aftermarket batteries in longevity and reliability.

  6. Potential for Core Charge Refund: Many battery replacement programs offer potential refunds for returning the old battery. The core charge can typically range from $100 to $200. This refund helps offset the total cost of replacement.

  7. Battery Lifespan Post-Installation: Post-replacement battery lifespan can impact future costs. Newer batteries can last between 5 to 10 years depending on driving habits and maintenance. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, maintaining proper charge levels and avoiding extreme temperatures can extend battery life significantly.

Understanding these factors can enable owners to make informed decisions regarding battery replacement for the 2016 Optima Hybrid.

What Warranty Information Should You Know Regarding the 2016 Optima Hybrid Battery?

The warranty information regarding the 2016 Optima Hybrid battery is crucial for owners to understand their coverage and responsibilities.

  1. Basic warranty coverage
  2. Hybrid battery coverage duration
  3. Replacement conditions
  4. Warranty transferability
  5. Maintenance requirements

Having outlined these key points, it is essential to dive deeper into each area for a clearer understanding.

  1. Basic Warranty Coverage: The basic warranty for the 2016 Optima Hybrid typically covers the entire vehicle for 5 years or 60,000 miles, whichever comes first. This warranty includes parts and repairs necessary to address any defects in materials or workmanship. Coverage of this nature provides peace of mind, knowing that substantial issues may be addressed at no cost to the owner during this period.

  2. Hybrid Battery Coverage Duration: The hybrid battery specifically has an extended warranty of 10 years or 100,000 miles. This protects against failure due to defects under normal use. According to Kia’s warranty details, if the battery fails within this period, the company will either repair or replace it at no cost to the owner.

  3. Replacement Conditions: Replacement of the hybrid battery under warranty typically requires that the battery fails under normal usage conditions. Documentation of routine maintenance may also be necessary. If the failure occurs due to misuse or lack of proper care, the warranty may not cover replacement costs.

  4. Warranty Transferability: The warranty for the hybrid battery is transferable to subsequent owners. This feature adds value to the vehicle resale, as the new owner inherits this extended coverage. It’s important to provide necessary documentation to ensure the warranty continues effectively to the next owner.

  5. Maintenance Requirements: Owners are often advised to adhere to scheduled maintenance to keep the warranty valid. This can include regular inspections and service checks as specified in the owner’s manual. Not following these guidelines may result in the warranty being voided if a battery issue arises.

Understanding these aspects of the warranty for the 2016 Optima Hybrid battery helps owners take informed steps regarding maintenance, potential repairs, and usage to ensure they maximize the benefits of their vehicle’s coverage.

What Should You Look for in the Warranty Terms for a 2016 Optima Hybrid Battery?

To assess the warranty terms for a 2016 Optima Hybrid battery, you should consider specific features that affect coverage and reliability.

  1. Coverage Duration
  2. Mileage Limits
  3. Replacement Battery Type
  4. Warranty Transferability
  5. Exclusions and Limitations
  6. Customer Support and Service Process
  7. Regional Differences
  8. Battery Performance Guarantee

These points offer a comprehensive perspective on what to look for in warranty terms. Each element relates closely to the overall reliability and value of the warranty.

  1. Coverage Duration:
    Coverage duration refers to the length of time the battery is protected under warranty. The standard warranty for many hybrid batteries, including the 2016 Optima Hybrid, typically lasts for 8 years or 100,000 miles, whichever comes first. This is a robust time frame that provides peace of mind for owners, ensuring that if any defects arise, repairs or replacements will be handled by the manufacturer.

  2. Mileage Limits:
    Mileage limits specify the maximum distance the vehicle can travel while under warranty protection. In the case of the 2016 Optima Hybrid, the mileage limit often mirrors the duration of coverage. Exceeding this limit can void the warranty, so it is crucial for owners to monitor their mileage and understand potential implications.

  3. Replacement Battery Type:
    Replacement battery type outlines what kind of battery will be provided if a replacement is necessary. Many warranties specify the use of original equipment manufacturer (OEM) batteries. OEM batteries ensure compatibility and reliability, but some owners may prefer aftermarket options that can offer performance enhancements or cost savings. Understanding what’s covered can influence consumer choices.

  4. Warranty Transferability:
    Warranty transferability determines if and how the warranty can be passed on to a new owner if the vehicle is sold. Transferable warranties can enhance resale value, providing additional assurance to potential buyers. The 2016 Optima Hybrid warranty includes transferability provisions, but specifics should be confirmed to avoid complications during resale.

  5. Exclusions and Limitations:
    Exclusions and limitations define situations where the warranty coverage does not apply. Common exclusions include damage caused by improper maintenance or modifications. Reading through these sections carefully is essential; misunderstandings may lead to unexpected costs if a claim is denied due to a technicality.

  6. Customer Support and Service Process:
    Customer support and service process details outline how warranty claims should be filed and managed. Seamless processes can save time and reduce frustration. It’s valuable for owners to assess the reputation of the manufacturer’s support system, as efficient service can significantly enhance the overall ownership experience.

  7. Regional Differences:
    Regional differences account for variations in warranty coverage depending on geographical location. Some areas may have different regulations or dealer practices that can influence warranty terms. Owners should check if their local dealer adheres to standard warranty practices or if modifications exist.

  8. Battery Performance Guarantee:
    Battery performance guarantees indicate the expected capacity and functionality of the battery over time. Most warranties include provisions that require the battery to maintain a certain percentage of its original capacity. Understanding this performance metric helps owners assess long-term battery reliability and sustainability.

By carefully examining these warranty aspects, owners can make informed decisions about their 2016 Optima Hybrid battery and ensure they maximize its value and lifespan.

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