To charge a 12V 100Ah lithium battery from a full discharge in five peak sun hours, you need about 310 watts of solar panels with an MPPT charge controller. If using a PWM charge controller, you will require approximately 380 watts of solar panels under the same conditions.
Assuming an average of 4 peak sunlight hours per day, a single 300-watt panel generates approximately 1,200Wh daily. Therefore, one panel could fully charge the battery in one day if conditions are perfect. However, to account for inefficiencies, such as energy loss in the charge controller and battery, it is wise to add a safety margin.
In conclusion, one to two solar panels may be sufficient to efficiently charge a 100Ah 12V battery, depending on environmental conditions and energy losses.
Next, we will explore the types of solar panels available and how each can affect performance and efficiency in charging batteries.
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